Name: ______________________________________  Subject: _______________________ Date: _______

Write on the right side what is missing.

    3. Philip IV

   He was very sympathetic but an unwilling king. He was unable to do anything constructive, so as king he was a calamity.

   - INTERNALLY. The first that took over the government was the Count-Duke of Olivares, who was a man of goodwill, bright and very active, but had no statesmanship. He had great ideas but not realizable. The second was Don Louis of Haro, nephew of Olivares who did not want or could not do anything right.

   Philip IV increased taxes and therefore almost all regions aspired to be independent. In Catalonia, the reapers entered Barcelona and killed the viceroy and proclaimed the French king Louis XIII the Count of Barcelona. In the end, it all worked out.

   In Portugal, the Duke of Braganza was proclaimed king under the name of John IV. Years later, the independence of Portugal was recognized under Charles II.

   - ABROAD there were disastrous wars:

   + In the Netherlands, the Peace of Westphalia was signed, which recognized independence.

   + Relations with England were negative since the English king Charles I could not marry Mary because he was a Protestant.

   + There were frequent clashes with France since Cardinal Richelieu was the greatest enemy of Spain. In the Peace of the Pyrenees, Spain gave away large parts of its territories to France.

   + The famous Tercio (the “thirds”) were defeated at the Battle of Rocroi during the Thirty Years War.

   + In Italy, the enmity with Venice continued and there was a rebellion in Naples.

    4. Answer if these statements happened internally or abroad:

    5. Charles II

   - INTERNALLY. This king was born so weak, it is said, that he grew up amongst cotton. He grew up between women and received no proper education. He was shy and only worried about his health.

   With his first wife, Marie Louise of Orleans, he had no child even after ten years of marriage. With the second wife, the German Maria Anna of Neuburg, an heir was also not conceived.

   His mother, Maria Anna of Austria was the one who governed at first, but she lacked the necessary conditions to continue.

   The first chosen one was the confessor of the Regent, the German Jesuit Nithard, who had goodwill and was hard working; however, due to being German, he did not enjoy sympathy in general. John of Austria, the illegitimate son of Philip IV told him that if the confessor did not go out through the door on Monday, on Tuesday he and his people would throw him out the window. Before this, Nithard left.

   The second chosen one was Fernando de Valenzuela who did nothing remarkable.

   The third was John of Austria, who in three years of governing did not accomplish anything positive.

   Before he died, Charles II decided to appoint Philip of Anjou the heir, who was the grandson of Louis XIV King of France.

   - ABROAD, the great enemy was Louis XIV of France, who continued the attacks started by Richelieu and Mazarin. He said that the crowns of France and Spain did not fit in Europe, so it was necessary for Spain to succumb to France’s triumph. They had three wars and had to concede to France very vast territories.